What you should know now

• How the European Commission evolved.
• What the main functions of the Commission are.
• Why and how the Commission proposes new laws.
• What the European Citizen’s Initiative is.
• What the principles of subsidiarity and proportionality are.
• What  the steps of non-compliance procedure are.
• How the College of Commissioners is appointed.
• What the principle of collegiality is.
• The role of the President of the Commission.

Further Reading

Bauer, M., W. (Ed.). (2009). Reforming the European Commission. London: Routledge.

Cini, M. (1996).The European Commission: leadership, organisation and culture in the EU administration. Manchester: Manchester University Press.

Dimitrakopoulos, D. (2004). The changing European Commission. Manchester: Manchester University Press.

Edwards, G., Spence, D. (Eds.). (1997). The European Commission (2^nd ed). London: Cartermill.

Hooghe, L. (2002). The European Commission and the integration of Europe: images of Governance [Electronic version]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Nugent, N. (2000). The European Commission. Basingstoke: Palgrave.

Nugent, N. (Ed.). (1997). At the heart of the union: studies of the European Commission. Basingstoke: Macmillan.

Peterson, J. (2011).  The College of Commissioners.J. Peterson, M. Shackleton. (Ed.), The Institutions of the European Union (pp.  96-123) . Oxford: Oxford University Press.