{"id":591,"date":"2013-02-13T15:13:43","date_gmt":"2013-02-13T15:13:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/hum.port.ac.uk\/europeanstudieshub\/?page_id=591"},"modified":"2017-06-20T11:52:19","modified_gmt":"2017-06-20T11:52:19","slug":"maastricht","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/hum.port.ac.uk\/europeanstudieshub\/learning\/module-5-history-of-the-european-union\/maastricht\/","title":{"rendered":"Maastricht (1993)"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"attachment_884\" style=\"width: 460px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-884\" class=\"size-full wp-image-884\" src=\"http:\/\/hum.port.ac.uk\/europeanstudieshub\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/maastricht_smaller.jpg\" alt=\"Maastricht in the Netherlands, where the Maastricht treaty was signed.\" width=\"450\" height=\"296\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hum.port.ac.uk\/europeanstudieshub\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/maastricht_smaller.jpg 450w, https:\/\/hum.port.ac.uk\/europeanstudieshub\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/maastricht_smaller-300x197.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-884\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Maastricht in the Netherlands, where the Maastricht Treaty was signed.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>The Treaty on European Union (the Treaty of Maastricht) was signed in Maastricht on the 7th February 1992 and came into full effect on the 1st of November 1993 (this is why some people refer to the EU being created in 1992 and others in 1993). The Treaty brought the European Union into being and, despite other smaller attempts such as European Political Cooperation (a largely unsuccessful attempt at political coordination amongst member states before Maastricht), it was the first major step beyond the economics of the EEC and into the political realm.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/JbfNv783n9I?list=PLF03BCBA06D619B7F\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>The short video above explains the Treaty of Maastricht in greater detail. Read the articles on the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/1\/hi\/in_depth\/europe\/euro-glossary\/1216944.stm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">BBC<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/europa.eu\/legislation_summaries\/institutional_affairs\/treaties\/treaties_maastricht_en.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Europa<\/a>\u00a0websites \u2013 consider:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>What changes were brought about by the Maastricht Treaty?<\/li>\n<li>How did the Parliament get more power after Maastricht?<\/li>\n<li>What changed regarding citizenship?<\/li>\n<li>Why was Maastricht controversial?<\/li>\n<li>Focus also on the two major treaties that have followed Maastricht, Amsterdam and Nice.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>Maastricht . . . Key facts<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>There are several key changes that the Maastricht Treaty brought about. You need to be aware of them &#8211; but don\u2019t worry, they all should be familiar as they focus on topics we have covered earlier in the unit.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-885\" src=\"http:\/\/hum.port.ac.uk\/europeanstudieshub\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/maastricht_treaty_v1.jpg\" alt=\"maastricht_treaty_v1\" width=\"395\" height=\"363\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hum.port.ac.uk\/europeanstudieshub\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/maastricht_treaty_v1.jpg 395w, https:\/\/hum.port.ac.uk\/europeanstudieshub\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/maastricht_treaty_v1-300x275.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 395px) 100vw, 395px\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Firstly, Maastricht created the EU\u2019s three pillar structure and the EEC Treaty was amended and had its name changed to the EC Treaty (or more precisely the Treaty Establishing the European Community). More important than the structure<em>\u00a0per se<\/em>\u00a0is what was included in the second and third pillars. Before Maastricht there was very little political element to the EEC and the focus on justice, policing, security and defence in the Treaty on European Union were all broadly new at Maastricht. The Treaty on European Union changed the nature of the EU from a broadly economic organisation to a politico-economic one.<\/li>\n<li>Secondly, the Maastricht Treaty also introduced the \u2018co-decision\u2019 procedure, vastly increasing the role of the Parliament in certain areas (see module two for a recap on the decision making procedures).<\/li>\n<li>Thirdly, the Maastricht Treaty paved the way for monetary union for those states who chose to take part \u2013 a major integrative step.<\/li>\n<li>Fourthly, the Maastricht Treaty added a social dimension to the EU. Beforehand there had been little mention of social affairs at European level. However, the \u2018social chapter\u2019 was (and still is) quite contentious, particularly in the UK.<\/li>\n<li>Fifth, the Maastricht Treaty created European Citizenship in addition to national citizenship. As you saw in the previous text, EU citizenship means an EU citizen can live and work and even run for elections anywhere in the EU.<\/li>\n<li>Finally, the Maastricht Treaty enshrined the principle of subsidiarity (as seen in module three) into EU policy making processes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Treaty on European Union (the Treaty of Maastricht) was signed in Maastricht on the 7th February 1992 and came into full effect on the 1st of November 1993 (this is why some people refer to the EU being created in 1992 and others in 1993). The Treaty brought the European Union into being and,<\/p>\n<div class=\"read-more-wrapper\"><a class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/hum.port.ac.uk\/europeanstudieshub\/learning\/module-5-history-of-the-european-union\/maastricht\/\" title=\"Read More\"> <span class=\"button \">Read More<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":399,"menu_order":85,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-591","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Maastricht (1993) - European Studies Hub<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/hum.port.ac.uk\/europeanstudieshub\/learning\/module-5-history-of-the-european-union\/maastricht\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Maastricht (1993) - European Studies Hub\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The Treaty on European Union (the Treaty of Maastricht) was signed in Maastricht on the 7th February 1992 and came into full effect on the 1st of November 1993 (this is why some people refer to the EU being created in 1992 and others in 1993). 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